What is the difference between provincial and federal offences?

In Canada, including Ontario, criminal offences are governed by federal law through the Criminal Code of Canada and other Federal statutes. There are also other types of offences that are regulated by provincial laws. Here is how they differ:

Federal Offences

• Defined by the Criminal Code of Canada and other federal statutes (such as the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act).

• Include serious crimes like theft, assault, impaired driving, drug trafficking, robbery and murder.

• Prosecuted in provincial or superior courts, depending on the offence and the gravity of the offence.

• Carry penalties that can include imprisonment, fines or both.

  
  

Provincial Offences

• Governed by provincial laws and regulations, such as the Highway Traffic Act or Liquor Licence Act.

• Include regulatory offences like speeding tickets, minor traffic violations, public intoxication, and bylaw infractions.

• Usually handled in provincial offences courts and result in fines or warnings, not criminal records.

• Generally do not lead to jail time.

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This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For assistance with your specific legal situation, please contact our office 416-536-5488.